Pope boniface viii biography of william
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Pope Boniface VIII
Head of the Catholic Church from 1294 to 1303
Pope Boniface VIII (Latin: Bonifatius PP. VIII; born Benedetto Caetani; c. 1230 – 11 October 1303) was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 24 December 1294 until his death in 1303. The Caetani family was of baronial ursprung, with connections to the papacy. He succeeded Pope Celestine V, who had abdicated from the papal throne. Boniface spent his early career abroad in diplomatic roles.
Boniface VIII put forward some of the strongest claims of any pope to temporal as well as spiritual power. He involved han själv often with foreign affairs, including in France, Sicily, Italy, and the First War of Scottish Independence. These views, and his chronic intervention in temporal affairs, led to many bitter quarrels with Albert I of Germany, Philip IV of France, and Dante Alighieri, who expected the pope to soon arrive at the eighth circle of Hell in his Divine Comedy, among
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by Jamie Parker-Ward
Christmas and the days around it hold a symbolic importance as a moment of transition. In Christian theology, it is the moment that God becomes man in the form of Christ, who would later bring salvation to all. It is no wonder then that Christmas was often picked as the date for similar moments of transition. One of the most famous instances is the coronation of Charlemagne on Christmas Day in 800 A.D. at Aachen.[1] King William I of England would later mimic Charlemagne by hosting his coronation on Christmas Day 1066, representing the beginning of Norman rule in England.[2]
On 24 December 1294, Benedetto Caetani, born into a noble family in Anagni near Rome, was elected Pope Boniface VIII.[3] He succeeded the later canonised Pope Celestine V, who had resigned from the office after a brief 5-month spell in charge.[4] Celestine was not the first papal resignation. Benedict IX had resigned twice in the eleventh century, including one occasion o
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William Martin, 1st Baron Martin
English noble
William Martin, 1st Baron Martin (died 1324), Lord of Cemais and Barnstaple was an English noble. He fought in the wars in Wales, Gascony, Flanders and Scotland. He was a signatory of the Baron's Letter to Pope Boniface VIII in 1301.
Biography
[edit]William was the eldest son of Nicholas Martin and Maud de Brain. He served in Wales, Gascony, Flanders in 1297 and in Scotland.[citation needed] William took part in the battle of Falkirk on 22 July 1298. He was a signatory of the Baron's Letter to Pope Boniface VIII in 1301.
He died in 1324 and was succeeded by his second son William. His eldest son Edmund pre-deceased him.
Marriages and issue
[edit]William married firstly Eleanor, the widow of John de Mohun, she was a daughter of Reginald FitzPiers and Joan de Vivonia.[citation needed]
They had the following children:
- Edmund Martin, married Margaret Hastings, the daughter of John Hastings, 1st